Monarda punctata
Lamiaceae
Description:
Pollen monad, size class large, polar axis 30-34 μm, equatorial axis 34-36 μm, shape spheroidal, isopolar, oblate, equatorial outline elliptical; aperture type hexacolpate, ornamentation finely reticulate, perforate; tectum semitectate. Viscin absent.
Pollination Biology:
Monarda is commonly pollinated by bees, wasps, hummingbirds and hummingbird moths (Hemaris). Wasps sometimes rob the flower by cutting a hole at the base of the corolla.
Tropicos Voucher Specimen:
Yatskievych 95-84
Links:
Prairie Wildflowers of Illinois
Wild Bergamot
USDA Plants
University of Arizona – Lamiaceae
Hummingbird Moth - Hemaris thysbe
Species in Missouri:
Monarda bradburiana Beck
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.
Monarda clinopodia L.
Monarda didyma L.
Monarda fistulosa L.
Monarda pectinata Nutt.
Monarda punctata L.
References:
Cruden, R.W., L. Hermanutz and J. Shuttleworth. 1984. The Pollination Biology and Breeding System of Monarda fistulosa (Labiatae). Oecologia 64:.104-110.
Trudel, M.C. and J. K. Morton. 1992. Pollen morphology and taxonomy in North American Labiatae. Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 975-995.
Whitten, W.M. 1981. Pollination Ecology of Monarda didyma, M. clinopodia, and Hybrids (Lamiaceae) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. American Journal of Botany 68(3). 435-442.